by Raul Corazzon - e-mail: raul.corazzon[at]ontology.co

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For an overview see the Index of the Pages or the Alphabetical Index of the Philosophers: A-F - G-O - P-Z; you can also download the page as or see the Table of Contemporary Ontologists (click on the image to see the PDF file)

Change of Address: The site www.formalontology.it is now at www.ontology.co

Selected Bibliography on Abelard's Logic and Ontology. First Part A - K

Second Part: L - Z

Index of the Section: "The Problem of Universals from the Antiquity to Middle Ages"

Universals in Antiquity and Middle Ages
- Annotated Bibliography on the Problem of Universals
Abelard's Logic and the Origins of Nominalism
- Annotated Bibliography on Peter Abelard:
- A - J
- K - Z
The Realist Ontology of John Duns Scotus
- Annotated Bibliography on Duns Scotus
The Nominalist Ontology of William of Ockham
- Annotated Bibliography on William of Ockham

Index of the Section: "Ontological Topics in the History of Philosophy"

ABELARD LOGICAL WORKS

LATIN TEXTS

(See Peter King scanned edition of the Works by Peter Abelard)

Peter Abelard. Peter Abaelards Philosophische Schriften. I. Die Logica 'Ingredientibus'. 1. Die Glossen zu Porphyrius. Edited by Geyer Bernhard. Münster: Verlag der Aschendorffschen Verlagsbuchhandlung 1919.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters. n° 21 (Part 1).
Contents: Einleitung V-XII; Logica Ingredientibus. [The Logic with begins with the words: For beginners] First Part: Glossae super Porphyrium [The commentary from Logica Ingredientibus on Porphyry's Isagoge] pp. 1-109.
An anonymous gloss on the Isagoge called Glossae secundum vocales, is published in: Carmelo Ottaviano - Un opuscolo inedito di Abelardo? in: Testi medioevali inediti - Firenze, L. S. Olschki, 1933, pp. 106-207.
Peter Abelard. Peter Abaelards Philosophische Schriften. I.Die Logica "Ingredientibus". 2. Die Glossen zu den Kategorien. Edited by Geyer Bernhard. Münster: Verlag der Aschendorffschen Verlagsbuchhandlung 1921.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters. n° 21 (Part 2).
Contents: Logica Ingredientibus. [The Logic with begins with the words: For beginners] Second Part: Glossae super Predicamenta [The commentary from Logica Ingredientibus on Aristotle's Categories] pp. 111-305.
Peter Abelard. Peter Abaelards Philosophische Schriften. I.Die Logica "Ingredientibus". 3. Die Glossen zu PERI ERMHNEIAS. Edited by Geyer Bernhard. Münster: Verlag der Aschendorffschen Verlagsbuchhandlung 1927.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters. n° 21 (n° 3).
Contents: Glossae super Periermeneias [Glosses on Aristotle's De Interpretatione] pp. 307-503.
Peter Abelard. Peter Abaelards Philosophische Schriften. II. Die Logica "Nostrorum Petitioni Sociorum". Die Glossen zu Porphyrius. Edited by Geyer Bernhard. Münster: Verlag der Aschendorffschen Verlagsbuchhandlung 1933.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters. n° 21 (n° 4).

Contents: Logica nostrorum petitioni sociorum: Glossula super Porphyrium. [The Logic with begins with the words: At the request of our friends or Little Glosses on Porphyry Isagoge] pp. 505-588. Untersuchungen 591-633; Sacindex zu den Texten 634-648.
Peter Abelard. Dialectica. Edited by de Rijk Lambertus Marie. Assen: Van Gorcum 1956.
First complete edition of the Parisian manuscript ; with an introduction by L.M. De Rijk (Introduction CVI - Text 51-637 pages)
Second revised edition 1970 (Introduction CXII - Text 51-669 pages)
Peter Abelard. Twelfth century logic; texts and studies. Vol II: Abelardiana inedita. Edited by Minio-Paluello Lorenzo. Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura 1958.
Contents: Introduction IX-XLIII; Glosse Super Periermenias XII-XIV 1;. Secundum Magistrum Petrum Sententie 109; Appendix 123; Index 129-162.
Peter Abelard. Scritti di logica. Edited by Dal Pra Mario. Firenze: La Nuova Italia 1969.
Index: Introduzione XI-XXXIX; Avvertenze XL; Introductiones dialecticae: Editio super Porphyrium 3; Glossae in Categorias 43; Editio super Aristotelem De interpretatione 69; De divisionibus [Gloss on Boethius De divisione] 155; Logica "Ingedientibus": Super topica glossae [The commentary from Logica Ingredientibus on Boethius De topicis differentiis] 205-330,
First edition with the title: Scritti filosofici - Milano, Bocca, 1954.
Peter Abelard. Des intellections. Paris: Vrin 1994.
Èdition, traduction et commentaire par Patrick Morin.
Table des matières: Introduction 7; P. Abelardi Tractatus de intellectibus 24-96; Pierre Abélard. Le traité Des Intellections 25-97; La psychologie d'Abélard. Commentaire du De Intellectibus 99; Annexe A 128; Annexe B: Vie et oeuvres d'Abélard 129; Orientation bibliographique 155; Index 161; Table de matières 169-170.
Petrus Abaelardus. Glossae super Peri hermeneias. Turnhout: Brepols 2010.
Not yet published.
Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis Vol. 206.
Critical edition with introduction and notes by Klaus Jacobi and Christian Strub.

ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS

Peter Abelard. The Glosses of Peter Abailard on Porphyry. In Philosophy in the Middle Ages. The Christian, Islamic and Jewish Traditions. Edited by Hyman Arthur and Walsh James J. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company 1973. pp. 169-188
Second revised edition (first edition 1967).
Reprinted from Richard McKeon (ed.) - Selections from Medieval philosophers - New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1929, Vol. I.
King Peter, "Peter Abailard and the problem of Universals in the Twelfth century", Princeton University, 1982.
Peter Overton King Doctoral dissertation in Philosophy (Princeton University, UMI Dissertation Express 8220415).

Vol. 2 contains an Appendix with the the following translations:

a) Peter Abailard:

Logica "Ingredientibus" I.ii.1-156 (pp.1*-28*) [Geyser 1933, pp. 7.25-32.12]
Logica Nostrorum Petitione Sociorurm ii.1-94 (pp. 29*-51*) [Geyser 1933, pp. 512.6-533.]
Theologia Christiana Liber III.138-164 (pp. 55*-63*) [Translated from the Latin text edited by E. M. Buytaert in Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis XII, Turnhout, 1969]
Treatise on Understandings (complete) (pp. 64*-91*) [Translated from the Latin text edited by Lucia Urbani Ulivi in La psicologia di Abelardo e il "Tractatus de intellectibus" Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Roma, 1976, pp. 103-127]
Logica "Ingredientibus" III.i.1-14 (pp.92*-95*) [Geyser 1933, pp. 307.1-309.35]
Logica "Ingredientibus" III.ii.1-49 (pp.96*-103*) [Geyser 1933, pp. 312.33-318.35]
Logica "Ingredientibus" III.iv.1-43 (pp.104*-110*) [Geyser 1933, pp. 325.12-331.11]
Logica "Ingredientibus" III, On dicta propositionum (pp.111*-116*) [Geyser 1933, pp. 365.13-370.22]

b) Boethius:

Lesser Commentary on Porphyry 18D-22B (pp. 117*-121*) [Translated from the Latin text appearing in J. P. Migne, Patrologia Latin
a, LXIV (Paris 1847)]
Greater Commentary on Porphyry 82A-86A (pp. 122*-127*) [Translated from the Latin text of the aiora commentaria in Porphyrium appearing in J. P. Migne, Patrologia Latin
a, LXIV (Paris 1847)]

c) Walter of Mortagne:

Tractatus "Quoniam de generali" (complete) (pp. 128*-142*) [Translated from the Latin text edited by Hauréau in Notices et extraits de quelque manuscrits Latin
s de la Bibliothèque Nationale Tom. V, Paris, 1892, pp. 298-320]

d) Pseudo-Joscelin:

On genera and species (On integral wholes) Text 143*-185* - Translation 186*-212*
Peter Abelard. Glosses in Peri hermeneias. In Aristotle's theory of language and its tradition: texts from 500 to 1750. Edited by Arens Hans. Amsterdam: Benjamins 1984. pp. 231-302
Peter Abelard. From the "Glosses on Porphyry" in his Logica 'ingredientibus'. In Five texts on the mediaeval problem of universals: Porphyry, Boethius, Abelard, Duns Scotus, Ockham. Edited by Spade Paul Vincent. Indianapolis: Hackett 1994. pp. 26-56
Translation from the edition of Geyer 1919, 7.25-32.12.
Peter Abelard. Glosses on Porphyry from Logica Ingredientibus, "On Universals". In Readings in medieval philosophy. Edited by Schoedinger Andrew. New York: Oxford University Press 1996. pp. 529-538
Basic Issues in medieval philosophy. Selected readings presenting the interactive discourses among the major figures. Edited by Tweedale Martin and Bosley Richard. Peterborough: Broadview Press 1997.
Includes selections from Abelard on foreknowledge, universals, and ethics.

STUDIES ABOUT PETER ABELARD'S LOGIC AND ONTOLOGY (A - K)

Selected bibliography on Peter Abelard L-Z

For Abelard's contributions to the theories of supposition and mental language see: Medieval Theories of Supposition (Reference) and Mental Language

Abélard en son temps. Actes du Colloque international organisé à l'occasion du IXe centenaire de la naissance de Pierre Abélard. (14-19 mai 1979). Edited by Jolivet Jean. Paris: Les Belles Lettres 1981.
The Cambridge Companion to Abelard. Edited by Brower Jeffrey E. and Guilfoy Kevin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004.
Arlig Andrew W., "A study in early medieval mereology: Boethius, Abelard, and Pseudo-Joscelin", Ohio State University, 2005.
See Chapter 4. Abelard's mereology and its role in metaphysics pp. 141-242.

"The study of parts and wholes, or mereology, occupies two of the best philosophical minds of twelfth-century Europe, Abelard and Pseudo-Joscelin. But the contributions of Abelard and Pseudo-Joscelin cannot be adequately assessed until we come to terms with the mereological doctrines of the sixth century philosopher Boethius. Apart from providing the general mereological background for the period, Boethius influences Abelard and Pseudo-Joscelin in two crucial respects. First, Boethius all but omits mention of the classical Aristotelian concept of form. Second, Boethius repeatedly highlights a rule which says that if a part is removed, the whole is removed as well. Abelard makes many improvements upon Boethius. His theory of static identity accounts for the relations of sameness and difference that hold between a thing and its part. His theory of identity also provides a solution to the problem of material constitution. With respect to the problem of persistence, Abelard assimilates Boethius' rule and proposes that the loss of any part entails the annihilation of the whole. More precisely, Abelard thinks that the matter of things suffers annihilation upon the gain or loss of even one part. He also holds that many structured wholes, namely artifacts, are strictly dependent upon their parts. Yet Abelard insists that human beings survive a variety of mereological changes. Abelard is silent about objects which are neither artifacts nor persons. I argue that Abelard has the theoretical resources to provide an account of the persistence of these types of object, so long as some forms are ontologically robust. Pseudo-Joscelin rejects the thesis that the removal of any part entails the destruction of the whole. The annihilation of a whole follows only from the removal of essential parts. Pseudo-Joscelin employs two basic principles in his theory of persistence. First, forms and the functions encoded in them play a primary role in identity and persistence. He also makes use of a genetic criterion. Pseudo-Joscelin expands both principles and employs them when he vigorously defends the thesis that a universal is a concrete whole composed of particulars from Abelard's criticisms."
Arlig Andrew W., "Abelard's assault on everyday objects," American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 81 (2007).
Astroh Michael. Petrus Abaelardus on modalities de re and de dicto. In Potentialität und Possibilität. Modalaussagen in der Geschichte der Metaphysik. Edited by Buchheim Thomas, Kneepkens Corneille Henri, and Lorenz Kuno. Stuttgart: Frommann Holzboog 2001. pp. 79-95
"The distinction between modalities de re and de dicto Abaelard introduces in his Glosse super Periermeneias presents itself as a topic of traditional predication theory. Although the two varieties of alethic modality are bound to different forms of predication Abaelard explains the meaning, scope and purpose of according modal operators in so uniform a manner that he can set forth rules of inference between modal propositions de re and their logical correspondents de dicto.
In a supplement to his comment on De Interpretatione Abaelard defends his distinction against scholars like Guillaume de Champeaux who reject the concept of de re modalities. The present paper comments on Abaelard's refutation in so detailed a manner that it sets out the philosophical and logical prerequisites of his comprehensive account of modal propositions. In this way this contribution prepares a formal reconstruction of Abaelard's modal logic that relies on a connexive version of quantified modal logic plus Barcan formulae whose genuine, modal component is not stronger than T."
Beonio Brocchieri Fumagalli Mariateresa. La logica di Abelardo. Firenze: La Nuova Italia 1964.
Second edition 1969.
Translated in English as: The logic of Abelard - by Simon Pleasance - Dordrecht, Kluwer, 1970.
"The premise of the author is "to illustrate not only the interest of Abelardian dialectic techniques... but also and above all, the importance of his total attitude towards the "scientia scientiarum"...."
Beonio Brocchieri Fumagalli Mariateresa. Introduzione a Abelardo. Bari: Laterza 1974.
Second revised and updated edition 1988.
Beonio Brocchieri Fumagalli Mariateresa. La relation entre logique, physique et théologie. In Peter Abelard. Proceedings of the International Conference: Louvain, May 10-12, 1971. Edited by Buytaert Éloi Marie. Leuven: Leuven University Press 1974. pp. 153-163
Beonio Brocchieri Fumagalli Mariateresa, "Sull'unità dell'opera abelardiana," Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia 34: 429-438 (1979).
Bertelloni Francisco, "Pars destruens. Las críticas de Abelardo al realismo en la primera parte de la Lógica 'Ingredientibus'," Patristica et Mediaevalia 7: 49-64 (1986).
"This paper analyzes the first part of the "Logica ingredientibus" of Peter Abelard. First the author intends to show the triple structure of his philosophical method (exposition, critique, and resolution). Secondly he expounds the critical part of this structure. Thirdly an attempt is made to outline the antirealists arguments of Abelard."
Bertelloni Francisco, "Pars construens. La solución de Abelardo al problema del universal en la primera parte de la Lógica 'Ingredientibus' (1* Part)," Patristica et Mediaevalia 8: 39-60 (1987).
Bertelloni Francisco, "Pars construens. La solución de Abelardo al problema del universal en la primera parte de la Logica 'Ingredientibus' (2* Part)," Patristica et Mediaevalia 9: 3-25 (1988).
Bertola Ermenegildo, "Le critiche di Abelardo ad Anselmo di Laon ed a Guglielmo di Champeaux," Rivista di Filosofia Neoscolastica 52: 485-522 (1960).
Biard Joël. Logique et psychologie dans le De Intellectibus d'Abélard. In Pierre Abélard. Colloque international de Nantes. Edited by Jolivet Jean and Habrias Henri. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes 2003. pp. 309-320
Bird Otto, "The formalizing of the Topics in mediaeval logic," Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 1: 138-149 (1960).
Bird Otto, "The logical interest of the Topics as seen in Abelard," Modern Schoolman 37: 53-57 (1960).
Blackwell Daniel F. Non-ontological constructs. The effects of Abaelard's logical and ethical theories on his theology. A study in meaning and verification. Bern: Peter Lang 1988.
Boler John F., "Abailard and the problem of universals," Journal of the History of Philosophy 1: 37-52 (1963).
Brower Jeffrey E., "Medieval theories of relations before Aquinas: 'Categories' commentaries, A.D. 510--1250 (Aristotle, Boethius, Peter Abelard, Saint Albertus Magnus)", The University of Iowa, 1996.
Available at UMI Dissertation Express
Brower Jeffrey E., "Abelard's theory of relations: reductionism and the Aristotelian tradition," Review of Metaphysics 51: 605-631 (1998).
"In what follows I focus on the work of Peter Abelard (1079-1142), an influential medieval logician who developed his theory of relations in the course of commenting on Categories 7.(4) Like other Aristotelians, Abelard accepts the view that relations are reducible to the monadic properties of related things. On his theory, however, the relation between Simmias and Socrates is not to be explained by a set of peculiar monadic properties--say, being-taller-than-Socrates and being-shorter-than-Simmias. Rather it is to be explained by a pair of ordinary heights--say, being-six-feet-tall in the case of Simmias and being-five-feet-ten in the case of Socrates. Indeed, according to Abelard, the relation between Simmias and Socrates is nothing over and above the possession by these individuals of their respective heights.
Although Abelard commits himself to a form of reductionism about relations, we shall see that his theory is perfectly compatible with the advances made by twentieth-century logicians. Abelard is careful to distinguish questions about ontology from questions about logic, and to commit himself to reducing relations only at the level of ontology. Thus, he argues that Simmias's being taller than Socrates is nothing but Simmias, Socrates, and their respective heights. Nonetheless, he denies that relational statements of the form "Simmias is taller than Socrates" can be reduced to complex non-relational statements of the form "Simmias is six-feet-tall and Socrates is five-feet-ten."
The rest of the paper is divided into three parts. As will emerge, there is an important distinction to be drawn between Abelard's theory of relations and his account of relatives. hi the first part of the paper (sections I-II), I present and explain the account of relatives. Here I focus on one of Abelard's most important logical works, his Logica 'ingredientibus,' but since the relevant portion of this work follows the subject matter and arrangement of Categories 7, I begin with a brief sketch of Aristotle's text. In the second part of the paper (sections III-V), I indicate what Abelard's account of relatives tells us about his own theory of relations. Although, this requires some reconstruction on my part, it is possible to determine with some accuracy to what sort of theory he committed himself. In the third and final part of the paper (sections VI-VII), I turn to the defense of Abelard's theory. My purpose in this last part is to begin the project of rehabilitating a much denigrated tradition in the history of philosophy." pp.605-606
Brumberg-Chaumont Julie. Le problème du substrat des accidents constitutifs dans les commentaires a l' Isagoge d'Abélardet du Pseudo-Raban (P3). In Compléments de Substance. Études sur les propriétés accidentelles offertes à Alain de Libera. Edited by Erismann Christophe and Schniewind Alexandrine. Paris: Vrin 2008. pp. 67-84
Burnett Charles, Luscombe David E., and Barrow Julia, "A Checklist of the manuscripts containing the writings of Peter Abelard and Heloise and other works closely associated with Abelard and his School," Revue d'Histoire des Textes 14-15: 183-302 (1984).
"This checklist has been compiled to take stock of what is presently known about the manuscripts of the works of Peter Abelard and to aid and stimulate further work in Abelardian studies. It also includes information about the writings of Heloise and about the manuscript sources for the study of her life. The manuscripts of the writings of some contemporaries who were closely concerned with Abelard, e. g. as correspondents, are added, together with manuscripts of writings by Abelard's closest disciples and followers.
The material is arranged as follows:
Part 1. The manuscripts p. 188
Appendix : Lost, unidentified or destroyed manuscripts p. 229
Part 2. The writings of Peter Abelard p. 240
Appendix : Lost or unidentified writings of Peter Abelard p. 256
Part 3. Unauthenticated or anonymous writings giving the teaching of Peter Abelard p. 259
Part 4. Writings which have from time to time been attributed to Peter Abelard, either in the manuscripts in which they occur or by later scholars p. 262
Part 5. Writings bearing directly on the doctrines of Peter Abelard, the lives of Abelard and Heloise and the Council of Sens p. 273
Part 6 a. Writings attributed to Heloise, or bearing on the early history of the Paraclete p. 283
Part 6 b. List of charters issued for the Abbey of the Paraclete be fore the death of Abbess Heloise p. 287
Part 7. Epitaphs of Abelard and Heloise p. 293
Index of works included in the checklist p. 298
The list is designed to provide guidance on the manuscripts for those engaged in editing writings by Abelard and by his associates and followers, as well as for those who wish to know how, when, where and by whom these manuscripts were copied and read. Several manuscripts are listed here which have not hitherto been used in editions or which have only recently come to light."
Calefato Patrizia. Dimensione semantica e problema della comunicazione in Pietro Abelardo. In Linguistica medievale. Anselmo d'Aosta, Abelardo, Tommaso d'Aquino, Pietro Ispano, Gentile da Congoli, Occam. Edited by Corvino Francesco. Bari: Adriatica 2006. pp. 13-53
Castello Dubra Julio A., "Ontología y gnoseología en la Logica ingredientibus de Pedro Abelardo," Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofia 43: 43-50 (2004).
"The paper deals with the section of Peter Abaelard's Glossae super Porphyrium concerning the three questions about the universals. The pars destruens, in which Abaelard criticizes the realistic doctrines of William of Champeaux, does not have a merely negative function, but it tries to reach the starting-point of Abaelard's own position, namely, that things differ not only in their forms or accidents, but also in their matters or essences. When he speaks of the image of the universal term, he does not explain the process of the elaboration of the universal concept starting
from the thing, but he rather refers to the intellectual signification of terms, in so far as they "produce intellections". This default could be explained because of the fact that, in Abaelard's view, the human intelligence hardly ever or never grasps the essences of things."
Clanchy Michael T. Abelard. A medieval life. Malden: Blackwell 2008.
Colish Marcia L., "Peter Lombard and Abelard: the Opinio Nominalium and divine transcendence," Vivarium 30: 139-156 (1992).
Reprinted as essay VI in: M. L. Colish - Studies in Scholasticism - Aldershot, Ashgate, 2006.

"This paper supports the claim that what "nominalism" meant to twelfth-century thinkers was the doctrine of the univocal signification of nouns and verbs, with their oblique or tensed forms conveying consignification of the things or actions they signify in the nominative case or present tense, respectively. The paper shows that both Peter Abelard and Peter Lombard called upon this doctrine in their argument over whether God can do better that He does, indicating that nominalism so defined has a perceived utility for exponents of differing logical and theological persuasions at the time."

"With respect to the Lombard's contribution to the history of nominalism in the twelfth century, then, we may offer three conclusions. First, from our consideration of Abelard's case, it is clear that the opinio Nominalium could be, and was, yoked to a post-Aristotelian kind of logic. From our consideration of the Lombard's case, it is equally clear that the opinio Nominalium could just as easily be yoked to a mode of reasoning deemed capable of yielding cogent ontological conclusions. In this respect, the fact that a twelfth-century thinker espouses the opinio Nominalium does not mean that he is automatically or necessarily required to embrace one rather than the other of these different conceptions of logic. Second, it was not just the fact that the Lombard was a theologian but his particular agenda as a theologian who sought to affirm God's omnipotence and God's essence as the transcendent metaphysical reality that accounts for both his borrowings from Abelard and his more fundamental hostility to Abelard in this area. And, finally, thanks to the rapid and enduring success of the Lombard's Sentences' as a textbook, he was able to place both his position on divine transcendence, the distinction between God's absolute and ordained power, and the opinio Nominalium with which he bolstered these teachings squarely before the eyes of his scholastic contemporaries and successors." (pp. 155-156.)
Dal Pra Mario, "Sul nominalismo di Abelardo," Rivista Critica di Storia della Filosofia 34: 439-451 (1979).
Dambska Izydora, "La sémiotique des Dictiones indefinitae dans la Dialectique d'Abélard," Cahiers de I´lnstitut du Moyen Age Grec et Latin 21: 10-20 (1977).
de Libera Alain. Abélard et le dictisme. In Abélard. Le "Dialogue", la philosophie de la logique. Neuchâtel: Secrétariat de l'Université 1981. pp. 59-97
Actes du Colloque de Neuchâtel, 16-17 Novembre 1979
de Libera Alain. La querelle des universaux. De Platon à la fine du Moyen Age. Paris: Éditions du Seuil 1996.
Chapter 3. Le haut Moyen Age et la querelle des universaux pp.128-175.
de Libera Alain. L'art des généralités. Théories de l'abstraction. Paris: Aubier 1999.
See in particular: Chapitre III. Pierre Abélard pp. 281-498.
de Libera Alain, "Des accidents aux tropes. Pierre Abélard," Revue de Mètaphysique et de Morale: 509-530 (2002).
"The Author traces the history of individual properties from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in light of D.C. Williams and Campbell's theory of tropes. He compares the relation of co-presence to notions which could seem related such as "syndrome of qualities" or "bundle of qualities". He then examines the validity of ontological particularism for Abelard's philosophy. He studies the non-transferability of tropes in Boethius, Abelard, and its origins in Muslim philosophy (ash'ari theology). He concludes that such an ontological particularism is not necessarily linked to nominalism."
de Libera Alain. La référence vide. Théories de la proposition. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 2002.
La Théorie abélardienne du statut pp. 120-130.
de Rijk Lambertus Marie. La signification de la proposition (dictum propositionis) chez Abélard. In Pierre Abélard - Pierre le Vénérable. Les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en Occident au milieu du XII siècle. Edited by Jolivet Jean and René Louis. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique 1975. pp. 547-555
Actes et mémoires du Colloque International, Abbaye de Cluny, 2 au 9 juillet 1972.
Published also in: Studia Mediewistyczne 16, 1975 pp. 155-161.

Reprinted as chapter IV in: L. M. de Rijk - Through language to reality: studies in medieval semantics and metaphysics - Edited by Bos Egbert. Northampton: Variorum Reprints 1989.
de Rijk Lambertus Marie. Peter Abälard (1079-1142), Meister und Opfer des Scharfsinns. In Petrus Abaelardus, 1079-1142. Person, Werk und Wirkung. Edited by Thomas Rudolf. Trier: Paulinus-Verlag 1980. pp. 125-138
Conference at the Trierer Theologischen Fakultät in Trier (18 April 1979).
Reprinted as chapter II in: L. M. de Rijk - Through language to reality: studies in medieval semantics and metaphysics - Edited by Bos Egbert. Northampton: Variorum Reprints 1989.
de Rijk Lambertus Marie. The semantical impact of Abailard's solution of the problem of universals. In Petrus Abaelardus (1079-1142). Person, Werk und Wirkung. Edited by Thomas Rudolf. Trier: Paulinus-Verlag 1980. pp. 139-151
Reprinted as chapter III in: L. M. de Rijk - Through language to reality: studies in medieval semantics and metaphysics - Edited by Bos Egbert. Northampton: Variorum Reprints 1989.
de Rijk Lambertus Marie. Abailard's semantic views in the light of later developments. In English logic and semantic from the end of the 12th Century to the time of Ockham and Burleigh. Edited by Braakhuis Henk A.G., Kneepkens Corneille Henri, and de Rijk Lambertus Marie. Nijmegen: Ingenium Publishers 1981. pp. 1-58
Acts of the 4th European Symposium of medieval logic and semantics. Leiden-Nijmegen, 23-27 April 1979.
Reprinted as chapter VI in: L. M. de Rijk - Through language to reality: studies in medieval semantics and metaphysics - Edited by Bos Egbert. Northampton: Variorum Reprints 1989.
de Rijk Lambertus Marie, "Martin M. Tweedale on Abailard: some criticisms of a fascinating venture," Vivarium 23: 81-97 (1985).
"Mr. Tweedale's study is bound to give any of his readers the firm impression that, as logician, Peter Abailard has accomplished a tremendous achievement. Unfortunately, however, Tweedale, (...) is on the wrong track in claiming-throughout his study-that the modern interpreter has to 'ferret' Abailard's answers out of 'rather obscure passages' (p. 7), and that he is inconsistent (p. X and passim). Tweedale has failed to appreciate Abailard's lucidity and clear language. He has missed the point several times and more than once this is due to his defective knowledge of Latin. However, let me not move too hurriedly to my conclusion.
In writing this book, the author had two main objectives in mind, as we learn from the Preface. First, 'to present in a form easily accessible to professional philosophers, theologians and historians those scattered portions of Abailard's logical writings which seem to record a very original scrutiny of the foundations of logic and in particular the problem of unversals'. Secondly, 'to interpret the texts in a way that would connect them with the ancient tradition and also make them intelligible to contemporary philosophers.' So chapters I and II try to give an insight into the classical and post-classical background. The core of the essay is to be found in Chapters III-V; Chapter VI contains a comparison between Abailard and Frege.
Without doubt, the author has succeeded in enlarging the modern scholar's acquaintance with, and admiration of, Abailard as a logician and early Medieval philosopher and theologian. Even someone who has had only a glimpse of the contents of this rich essay, cannot help experiencing a kind of thrill on realising that he is meeting in Peter Abailard a remarkable and original thinker.
However, to write a successful book something more is needed. To my mind the author was heavily hampered in realising the two objectives he had set himself, as a result of his poor knowledge of (both classical and Medieval) Latin grammar and syntax. Sometimes his judgment of Abailard's achievements is incorrect, for no other reason than his inability to correctly read Abailard's concise language." pp. 81-82
de Rijk Lambertus Marie, "Peter Abelard's semantics and his doctrine of Being," Vivarium 24: 85-127 (1986).
de Rijk Lambertus Marie. Peter Abelard (1079-1142). In Philosophy of language/Sprachphilosophie/La philosophie du langage. Eine internationales Handbuch zeitgenössicher Forschung. Edited by Dascal Marcelo et al. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1992. pp. 290-296
First volume
de Rijk Lambertus Marie. The logic of indefinite names in Boethius, Abelard, Duns Scotus, and Radulphus Brito. In Aristotle's Peri hermeneias in the Latin Middle Ages. Essays on the Commentary tradition. Edited by Braakhuis Henk A.G. and Kneepkens Corneille Henri. Groningen: Ingenium Publishers 2003. pp. 207-233
Decorte Jos. "Sed quoniam Platonis scripta nondum cognovit Latinitas nostra...": que faire en l'absence d'une traduction? In Tradition et traduction. Les textes philosophiques et scientifiques grecs au moyen age latin. Hommage a Fernand Bossier. Edited by Beyers Rita et al. Leuven: Leuven University Press 1999. pp. 69-87
Dürr Karl, "Aussagenlogik im Mittelalter," Erkenntnis 7: 160-168 (1937).
Supplementary not p. 356.
Abelard's use of syllogismo hypothetico.
Eco Umberto, "Signification and denotation from Boethius to Ockham," Franciscan Studies 44: 1-29 (1984).
Fredborg Karin Margareta. Abelard on rhetoric. In Rhetoric and renewal in the Latin West 1100-1540. Essays in honour of John O. Ward. Edited by Mews Constant J., Nederman Cary J., and Thomson Rodney M. Turnhout: Brepols 2003. pp. 55-80
Freddoso Alfred J., "Abailard on collective realism," Journal of Philosophy 75: 527-538 (1978).
"In the "Logica ingredientibus" Abailard attacks the theory according to which universals are collections of individuals. I argue that Abailard's principal objection to this 'collective realism', viz, that it conflates universals with integral wholes, is actually quite strong, though it is generally overlooked by recent commentators. For implicit in this objection is the claim that the collective realist cannot provide a satisfactory account of predication. The reason for this is that integral wholes are not uniquely decomposable. In support of my thesis I first explicate the medieval distinction between integral and subjective parts and then discuss its application to collective realism."
Gombocz Wolfgang L. Abaelards Bedeutungslehre als Schlüssel zum Universalienproblem. In Petrus Abaelardus, 1079-1142. Person, Werk und Wirkung. Edited by Thomas Rudolf. Trier: Paulinus-Verlag 1980. pp. 153-164
Conference at the Trierer Theologischen Fakultät in Trier (18 April 1979).
Guilfoy Kevin, "Abelard's theory of the proposition", University of Washington, 1999.
Available at UMI Dissertation Express
Guilfoy Kevin, "Abelard's rejection of the Tarski biconditional," Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy 5: 143-158 (2002).
"In a fairly opaque passage in his commentary on Aristotle's Categories Peter Abelard denies both directions of a biconditional sentence very much like a Tarski biconditional: "A man exists" is true iff a man exists. "A man exists" is taken to be a sentence token and the right hand element is taken to be the existence of a man. Neither Abelard's argument nor his reason for making the argument is clear. It at first appears that Abelard may be claiming that each of the corresponding conditionals is false. Such a claim could amount to a rejection of the correspondence theory of truth and would naturally have serious repercussions for the study of Abelard's logic. In this paper I argue that Abelard does not deny the truth of the biconditional only its necessity. Abelard makes this argument in response to Boethius and certain twelfth-century masters (I suggest Thierry of Chartres), who argue that there is a logically necessary connection between words and things, and hence between sentence tokens and what is the case in the world. Abelard is not expressing any serious reservations about the correspondence theory of truth. He is demonstrating the logical importance of the conventionality of language. Arguing against authorities, and twelfth-century peers, he shows that there is no logically necessary connection between words and things, hence the Tarski biconditional is not necessarily true."
Guilfoy Kevin. Peter Abelard's two theories of the proposition. In Medieval theories on assertive and non-assertive language. Edited by Maierù Alfonso and Valente Luisa. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore 2004. pp. 35-57
Acts of the 14th European Symposium on Medieval Logic and Semantics - Rome, June 11-15, 2002
Guilfoy Kevin. Imagination and cognition of insensibles in Peter Abelard. In Intellect et imagination dans la philosophie médiévale / Intellect and imagination in medieval philosophy / Intelecto e imaginação na filosofia medieval / Actes du XIe Congrès international de philosophie médiévale de la Société internationale pour l'Étude de la philosophie médiévale (S.I.E.P.M.),: Porto, du 26 au 31 août 2002. Edited by Pacheco Maria Cândida and Meirinhos José F. Turnhout: Brepols 2006. pp. 895-902
Häring Nikolaus M. Abelard yesterday and today. In Pierre Abélard - Pierre le Vénérable. Les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en Occident au milieu du XII siècle. Edited by Jolivet Jean and René Louis. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique 1975. pp. 341-403
Henry Desmond Paul. Abelard's mereological terminology. In Mediaeval semantics and metaphysics. Studies dedicated to L. M. de Rijk, Ph.D., professor of ancient and mediaeval philosophy at the University of Leiden on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Edited by Bos Egbert P. Nijmegen: Ingenium Publishers 1985. pp. 65-92
Henry Desmond Paul. Master Peter's mereology. In De ortu grammaticae. Studies in medieval grammar and linguistic theory in memory of Jan Pinborg. Edited by Bursill-Hall Geoffrey L., Ebbesen Sten, and Koerner Konrad. Amsterdam: J. Benjamin 1990. pp. 99-115
Henry Desmond Paul. Medieval mereology. Philadelphia: Grüner 1991.
"Mereology is the theory which deals with parts and wholes in the concrete sense, and this study follows its varied fortunes during the Middle Ages. Preliminary indications as to its metaphysical situation are followed by a brief sketch of Boethius' contribution. Peter Abelard, Gilbert of Poitiers, Clarembald of Arras, and Joscelin of Soissons are among the twelfth-century authors examined. The effect of the subsequent recovery of Aristotle's Metaphysica on mereology is typified by sketches of the many and varied uses made of the latter by Aquinas. A brief sample of Buridanian treatment is followed by an account of those applications made under the umbrella of thirteenth-century comment on Aristotle's De Sophisticis Elenchis. The curiously original theories of Wyclif are brought to light, as also also samples from Walter Burleigh, Nicholas of Paris, William of Ockham, and Paul of Venice."
Henry Desmond Paul. Signification, superfluity, and indeterminacy in Abelard and other Medievals. In Signs and signification. Vol. I. Edited by Singh Gill Harjeet and Manetti Giovanni. New Delhi: Bahri Publications 1999. pp. 69-83
"1.1. For Boethius and the medievals, signification is primarily linked with definition and understanding (intellectus). Abelard maintains these links as also does Aquinas, for example.
1.2. Definition canonically so-called is of nominal terms and is effectuated by means of genus, species, and differentia, at least where substance-names are concerned. Paronyms, or denominative names, involve incompletenesses which both Anselm of Canterbury and Abelard characterise most competently according to frameworks other than the strictly canonical. Non-canonical characterisations in general were said to be descriptions. The process of definition stricto sensu would accordingly comprise or entail sentences such as 'Man is a species', 'Animal is a genus', and so on. It was in his commentary on Aristotle's Categoriae that Boethius noted how such sentences embodied the threat of fallacious arguments such as the following: 'Man is a species; but Socrates is a man; therefore Socrates is a species'. One solution, he suggested, would be to reconstrue the 'species' of 'Man is a species' as one of the names of names (nominum nomina,' ), the named name being in his case 'man'. Thus the middle teen of the inference becomes ambiguous, .and the illation fails. At the same time, we witness the foundation of the description 'nominalism' upon this intra-linguistic analysis of propositions such as the one now in question, which superficially concern the 'universal' man, and so forth. (Ockham and Hobbes are two thinkers often characterised as nominalists, and who quite consciously and overtly preserve this nominum nomina terminology, in the same sort of context).
1.3. But although definition in the strict medieval sense thus appears to be of isolated terms, taken out of context, in practice contextual presuppositions did intervene, and this in various ways. It became common to work on the significatio of whole propositions, thus directing attention to the sense or significatio of the whole within which the defined terms were embedded. The propositions, in their turn, were taken to occur within at least three generally specifiable non-exclusive anticipated contexts, namely either that of the theoretical (or 'quidditative'), wherein definitional propositions are basic, or within that of the syllogistic (largely, the four canonical A, E, I, and O forms) or within that of usus loquendi, the context of usage, whence the classical grammarians took their starting point, and which was recognised by medieval investigators of significatio as an area distinguishable (because of its contingent irregularities) from that of special technical usages. This latter distinction is already highly marked in the work of St. Anselm (1033 - 1109). These possible varieties of presupposed context will be taken account of in my own remarks, and attention called to them when the occasion arises." pp. 69-70 (notes omitted).
Iwakuma Yukio and Ebbesen Sten, "Logico-theological schools from the second-half of the 12th century: a list of sources," Vivarium 30: 173-210 (1992).
Iwakuma Yukio, "Twelfth-Century Nominales. The posthumous School of Peter Abelard," Vivarium 30: 97-109 (1992).
Iwakuma Yukio, "Vocales, or early nominalists," Traditio 47: 37-111 (1992).
Appendix: Edition of Vocalist texts commenting or discussing Porphyry's Isagoge: Petrus Abaelardus, Roscelinus Compendiensis and excerpta Pommersfeldensia.
Iwakuma Yukio, "Nominalia," Didascalia 1: 47-88 (1995).
Iwakuma Yukio. Pierre Abélard et Guillaume de Champeaux dans les premières années du XII siècle: une étude préliminaire. In Langage, sciences, philosophie au XII siècle. Edited by Biard Joël. Paris: Vrin 1999. pp. 93-123
Iwakuma Yukio. Are argumentations propositions? In Medieval theories on assertive and non-assertive language. Edited by Maierù Alfonso and Valente Luisa. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore 2004. pp. 81-110
Acts of the 14th European Symposium on Medieval Logic and Semantics - Rome, June 11-15, 2002
Jacobi Klaus. Diskussionen über Prädikationstheorie in den logischen Schriften des Petrus Abaelardus. In Petrus Abaelardus, 1079-1142. Person, Werk und Wirkung. Edited by Thomas Rudolf. Trier: Paulinus-Verlag 1980. pp. 165-179
Jacobi Klaus, "Die Semantik sprachliche Ausdrücke, Ausdrucksfolgen und Aussagen im Abaelards Kommentar zu Peri Hermeneias," Medioevo.Rivista di storia della filosofia medievale 7: 41-89 (1981).
Jacobi Klaus. Abelard and Frege: the semantics of words and propositions. In Atti del convegno internazionale di storia della logica. Edited by Abrusci Michele, Casari Ettore, and Mugnai Massimo. Bologna: CLUEB 1983. pp. 81-96
Jacobi Klaus. Diskussionen über unpersönliche Aussagen in Peter Abaelards Kommentar zu Peri Hermeneias. In Mediaeval semantics and metaphysics. Studies dedicated to L. M. de Rijk, Ph.D., professor of ancient and mediaeval philosophy at the University of Leiden on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Edited by Bos Egbert P. Nijmegen : Ingenium Publishers 1985. pp. 1-63
Jacobi Klaus. Peter Abelard's investigations into the meaning and functions of the speech sign Est. In The logic of Being. Edited by Knuuttila Simo and Hintikka Jaakko. Dordrecht: Reidel 1985. pp. 1-15
Jacobi Klaus and Strub Christian. Peter Abaelard als Kommentator. In Aristotelica et Lulliana: magistro doctissimo Charles H. Lohr septuagesimum annum feliciter agenti dedicata . Edited by Dominguez Fernando. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1995. pp. 11-34
Jacobi Klaus, King Peter, and Strub Christian, "From intellectus verus / falsus to the dictum propositionis. The semantics of Peter Abelard and his Circle," Vivarium 34: 15-40 (1996).
""In his commentary on Aristotle's Peri hermeneias, Abelard distinguishes the form of an expression (oratio) from what it says, that is, its content. The content of an expression is its understanding (intellectus).
This distinction is surely the most well-known and central idea in Abelard's commentary. It provides him with the opportunity to distinguish statements (enuntiationes) from other kinds of xpressions without implying a diference in their content, since the ability of a statement to signify something true or false (verum vel falsum) cannot be found in its content. More precisely, Abelard distinguishes statements both from complete expressions (orationes perfectae) that are not statements but rather questions, requests, commands, etc. and from incomplete expressions, that is, mere word strings (orationes imperfectae), such as homo albus. These kinds of expressions, according to Abelard, do not differ in the understanding they present but in the way they present it." (notesd omitted)
Jacobi Klaus. Philosophy of language. In The Cambridge Companion to Abelard. Edited by Brower Jeffrey E. and Guilfoy Kevin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004. pp. 126-157
"Abelard's investigations into the philosophy of language are of great interest not only with respect to the history of philosophy, but also with respect to systematic considerations. These investigations, however, are not readily accessible. They offer nothing to a reader who wants to glean information quickly from them. A thorough study is required, and this itself requires extraordinary patience. The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to the project of making Abelard's investigations into the philosophy of language accessible to the general philosophical community."
Jolivet Jean, "Abélard et le Philosophe. (Occident et Islam au XII siecle)," Revue de l'Historie des Religions 164: 181-189 (1963).
Jolivet Jean. Quelques cas de platonisme grammatical du Xle au XIIe siecle. In Mélanges offerts à René Crozet à l'occasion de son soixante-dixième anniversaire. Vol I. Edited by Gallais Pierre and Riou Yves-Jean. Poitiers: Société d'études médiévales 1966. pp. 93-99
Jolivet Jean. Abélard ou la philosophie dans le langage. Paris: Seghers 1969.
Deuxième edition: Paris Éditions du Cerf 1994.
Choix de textes pp.111-206.
Jolivet Jean. Arts du langage et théologie chez Abélard. Paris: Vrin 1969.
Deuxième édition augmentèe 1994.
Jolivet Jean. Comparaison des théories du langage chez Abélard et chez les Nominalistes du XIV siècle. In Peter Abelard. Proceedings of the International Conference: Louvain, May 10-12, 1971. Edited by Buytaert Éloi Marie. Leuven: Leuven University Press 1974. pp. 163-178
Reprinted in: Jean Jolivet - Aspects de la pensée médièvale: Abélard. Doctrines du langage - Paris, Vrin, 1987, pp. 109-125.
Jolivet Jean. Notes de lexicographie abélardienne. In Pierre Abélard - Pierre le Vénérable. Les courants philosophiques, littéraires et artistiques en Occident au milieu du XII siècle. Edited by Jolivet Jean and René Louis. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique 1975. pp. 531-543
Jolivet Jean, "Vues médiévales sur les paronymes," Revue Internationale de Philosophie 113: 222-242 (1975).
"Cet article a pour objet de signaler un point de rencontre entre le platonisme et la théorie de la grammaire au moyen âge. La reflexion sur les paronymes y a conduit presque irresistiblement a des thèses d'allure platonicienne: le rapport de l'adjectif au nom evoquant celui du sensible a l'idée. On observe ce fait non seulement chez des auteurs du 12e siecle (Bernard de Chartres, Abelard...) mais même chez des aristoteliciens du 13e (Boece de Dacie entre autres; Thomas d'Aquin aussi, mais dans un contexte different). C'est là une manifestation de ce qu'on peut appeler le "platonisme grammatical."
Jolivet Jean. Doctrines et figures de philosophes chez Abélard. In Petrus Abaelardus, 1079-1142. Person, Werk und Wirkung. Edited by Thomas Rudolf. Trier: Paulinus-Verlag 1980. pp. 103-120
Jolivet Jean. Abélard et Guillaume d'Ockham, lecteurs de Porphyre. In Abélard. Le "Dialogue", la philosophie de la logique. Neuchâtel: Secrétariat de l'Université 1981. pp. 31-54
Actes du Colloque de Neuchâtel, 16-17 Novembre 1979
Jolivet Jean. Eléments pour une étude des rapports entre la grammaire et l'ontologie au Moyen Age. In Sprache und Erkenntnis im Mittelalter. Edited by Beckmann Jan P. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1981. pp. 135-164
Akten des VI. internationalen Kongresses für mittelalterliche Philosophie der Société internationale pour l'étude de la philosophie médiévale, 29. August-3. September 1977, Bonn
Jolivet Jean. Non-réalisme et platonisme chez Abélard. Essai d'interpretation. In Abélard en son temps. Actes du Colloque international organisé à l'occasion du 9e centenaire de la naissance de Pierre Abélard. (14-19 mai 1979). Edited by Jolivet Jean. Paris: Les Belles Lettres 1981. pp. 175-195
Jolivet Jean. Aspects de la pensée médiévale: Abélard. Doctrines du langage. Paris: Vrin 1987.
Recueil d'articles (1963-1985).
Jolivet Jean. Pierre Abélard et son école. In Contemporary philosophy. Vol. 6.1: Philosophy and science in the Middle Ages. Edited by Guttorm Floistad. Amsterdam: Kluwer 1990. pp. 97-104
Jolivet Jean, "Trois variations médiévales sue l'universel et l'individu: Roscelin, Abélard, Gilbert de la Porrée," Revue de Mètaphysique et de Morale: 111-155 (1992).
Réimprimé dans: J. Jolivet - Perspectives médiévales et arabes - Paris, Vrin, 2006 pp. 29-70.
Jolivet Jean. Note sur le "non-réalisme" d'Abélard. In Signs and signification. Vol. I. Edited by Singh Gill Harjeet and Manetti Giovanni. New Delhi: Bahri Publications 1999. pp. 7-15
Réimprimé dans: J. Jolivet - Perspectives médiévales et arabes - Paris, Vrin, 2006 pp. 85-92
Jolivet Jean. Sens des propositions et ontologie chez Pierre Abélard et Grégoire de Rimini. In Théories de la phrase et de la proposition de Platon à Averroès. Edited by Büttgen Philippe, Diebler Stéphane, and Rashed Marwan. Paris: Éditions Rue d'Ulm / Presses de l'École normale supérieure 1999. pp. 307-321
Réimprimé dans: J. Jolivet - Perspectives médiévales et arabes - Paris, Vrin, 2006 pp. 103-116
Jolivet Jean. Sur les prédicables et le catégories chez Abélard. In Langage, sciences, philosophie au XIIe siècle. Edited by Biard Joël. Paris: Vrin 1999. pp. 165-175
Jolivet Jean. Á propos d'une critique abélardienne du réalisme. In Pierre Abelard. Colloque international de Nantes. Edited by Jolivet Jean and Habrias Henri. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes 2003. pp. 109-118
Conférence internationale "Pierre Abélard, à l'aube des universités" 3-4 octobre 2001 Nantes