Selected Bibliography on the History of Continental Ontology from Suárez to Kant

Index of the Section "History of Ontology in the Seventeenth Century"

• Birth of a New Science: the History of Ontology from Suárez to Kant

  • Annotated Bibliography on the History of Continental Ontology from Suárez to Kant

  • Annotated Bibliography on the History of British Ontology from Hobbes to Hume

• A Selection of Ontologists from Fonseca to Crusius (1560-1770)

• Jacob Lorhard (1561-1609): The Creation of the Term "Ontologia"

• Francisco Suárez on Metaphysics as the Science of Real Beings

  • Annotated Bibliography on the Metaphysics of Francisco Suárez

• Christian Wolff's Ontology: Existence as "Complement of Possibility"

  • Annotated Bibliography on the Ontology of Christian Wolff

• Kant from the Critique of Metaphysics to Transcendental Philosophy

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (in progress)

1. La filosofia nel Siglo de Oro. Studi sul Tardo Rinascimento spagnolo. Edited by Lamacchia Ada. Bari: Levante 1995.
2. Res et verba in der Renaissance. Edited by Kessler Eckhard and Maclean Ian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2002.
3. Les mondes possibles. Cahiers de Philosophie d l'Université de Caen 42 2006.
   
   Sommaire: Jean-Christophe Bardout et Vincent Jullien: Avant-propos 7; Jacob Schmutz: Qui a inventé les mondes possibles? 9; Jean-Christophe Bardout: Remarques sur l'impossibilité cartésienne des mondes possibles 47; Vincent Jullien: Le Monde, concept incertain du XVIle siècle. L'exemple de l'Aristarque contre le Monde cartésien 71; Gilles Olivo: "Le mystérieux critère de la distinction des vérités nécessaires et des vérités contingentes" ou l'embarras d'une solution: Leibniz et la question du meilleur des mondes possibles 93; Roland Lehoucq: La foire aux univers 131; Stéphane Chauvier: Les possibles sans les mondes 147-165.
4. Oggetto e spazio. Fenomenologia dell'oggetto, forma e cosa dai secoli XIII-XIV ai post-cartesiani. Edited by Federici Vescovini Graziella and Rignani Orsola. Firenze: SISMEL - Edizioni del Galluzzo 2008.
5. Origini e sviluppi dell'ontologia (secoli XVI-XXI) / Origins and Developments of Ontology (16th-21th Century) / Naissance et développements de l'ontologie (XVIème-XXIème siècles) / Entstehung und Entwicklungen der Ontologie (XVI-XXI Jahrundert) / Origins and Developments of Ontology (16th-21st Century). Quaestio.Yearbook of the History of the Metaphysics 9 2009.
   The volume, edited by Costantino Esposito with the cooperation of Marco Lamanna, contains the Acts of the International Congress Origin and Development of Modern Ontology, held at Università di Bari (Italy) 15-17 May 2008.
   Indice: Costantino Esposito: Introduzione. Dalla storia della metafisica alla storia dell'ontologia VII-XXXI; I. Alle origini dell'ontologia moderna: l'orizzonte tardo-scolastico e rinascimentale. Joseph S. Freedman, The Godfather of Ontology? Clemens Timpler, "All that is Intelligible", Academic Disciplines during the Late 16th and Early 17th Centuries, and Some Possible Ramifications for the Use of Ontology in our Time 3; Mario S. de Carvalho: Tra Fonseca e Suarez: una metafisica incompiuta a Coimbra 41; Jacob Schmutz: Les innovations conceptuelles de la métaphysique espagnole post-suarézienne: les status rerum selon Antonio Pérez et Sebastiån Izquierdo 61; Paolo Ponzio: Notitia sui est esse suum. Nota sull'ente e sull'io nel pensiero metafisico di Tommaso Camapanella 101; II. L'età cartesiana e le metafisiche del razionalismo. Giulia Belgioioso: L'invenzione dell'ontologia cartesiana nelle interpretazioni del Novecento 113; Massimiliano Savini: Johannes Clauberg e l'esito cartesiano dell'ontologia 153; Michaël Devaux / Marco Lamanna: The Rise and Early History of the Term Ontology (1606-1730) 173; Filippo Mignini: Dell'ontologia in Spinoza 209; Stefano Di Bella: Crisi e rinascite della sostanza. L'eredità leibniziana nell'ontologia analitica da Russell a Kripke (e oltre) 225; Luigi Cataldi Madonna: L'ontologia sperimentale di Christian Wolff 253; Alexei N. Krouglov: Die Ontologie von Tetens und seiner Zeit 269; Riccardo Pozzo: L'ontologia nei manuali di metafisica della Aufklärung 285; Norbert Hinske: Ontologie oder Analytik des Verstandes? Kants langer Abschied von der Ontologie 303; Klaus Düsing: Grundformen der Ontologie bei Kant und bei Hegel 311; Stefano Poggi, Da Wolff a Herbart: l'ontologia di un soggetto inesistente 325; Giusi Strummiello: Beyond the Possible. The Overturning of Early Modern Ontology in Schelling 335; IV. Prospettive novecentesche. Jean-François Courtine: Husserl et la réhabilitation de l'ontologie comme ontologie formelle 353; Friedrich-Wilhelm von Herrmann: Metaphysik und Ontologie in Heideggers fundamentalontologischem und ereignisgeschichtlichem Denken 379; Maurizio Ferraris: Documentalità e ontologia sociale 389; Varia. Note Cronache Recensioni 409; A Note from the Editors 453; Gli Autori 455; Indice dei nomi 459-469.
6. Angelelli Ignacio, "Aristotelian-Scholastic ontology and predication in the Port-Royal logic," Medioevo.Rivista di Storia della Filosofia Medievale 24: 283-299 (1998).
7. Baert Edward. Aufstieg und Untergang der Ontologie. Descartes und die nachthomasische Philosophie. Osnabrück: Universitätsverlag Rasch 1997.
8. Blum Paul-Richard. Der Standardkurs der katholischen Schulphilosophie im 17. Jahrundert. In Aristotelismus und Renaissance. In memoriam Charles B. Schmitt. Edited by Kessler Eckhard, Lohr Charles H., and Sparn Walter. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz 1988. pp. 127-148
9. Caruso Ester. Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza e la rinascita del nominalismo nella scolastica del Seicento. Firenze: La Nuova Italia 1979.
10. Ceñal Ramon. Filosofia Española y Portuguesa de 1500 a 1650. Repertorio de fuentes impresas. Madrid: Ministerio de Educacion Nacional, Direccion General de Propaganda 1948.
11. Chappell Vere, "Descartes's ontology," Topoi.An International Review of Philosophy: 111-127 (1997).
12. Couloubaritsis Lambros. Ontologies et hénologies contemporaines. In Y- a-t-il une histoire de la métaphysique? Edited by Zarka Yves Charles and Pinchard Bruno. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France 2005. pp. 303-341
13. Courtine Jean-François, "Ontologie ou métaphysique? Pour l'histoire du mot "Ontologia"," Giornale di Metafisica 7: 3-24 (1985).
14. Courtine Jean-François. Suárez et la tradition aristotelicienne de la métaphysique. In Aristotelianismus und Renaissance. In memoriam Charles B. Schmitt. Edited by Kessler Eckhard, Lohr Charles H., and Sparn Walter. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz 1988. pp. 101-126
15. Courtine Jean-François. Suárez et le système de la métaphysique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 1990.
    Italian translation by Costantino Esposito: Il sistema della metafisica. Tradizione aristotelica e svolta suareziana - Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 1999.
16. Courtine Jean-François. Inventio analogiae. Métaphysique et ontothéologie. Paris : Vrin 2005.
17. Devaux Michaël, "Advancement & emendatio: les projets de Bacon et de Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana 35: 29-52 (2003).
    "In 1694, Leibniz defines his metaphysical project in the Réflexions sur l'avancement de la métaphysique réelle, et particulièrement sur la nature de la substance expliquée par la force, a French translation of the De primae philosophiae emendatione et de notione substantiae. In the following pages, the history of the concept of advancement from Bacon and Glanvill to Leibniz is investigated. The notion moves from dignity to progress. The reasons why the translation of emendatio by advancement is not sufficient lead the reader to look, with accuracy, at the syntagma 'real metaphysics', used by Leibniz from 1691 on. The emendatio involves both ideas of progress and correction. The latter is echoed in the 'real' metaphysics. Thus, the first elements of the history of that real metaphysics, a formula that occurs until 1716, are presented here. As the translation of emendatio by 'advancement' and 'real' is disjunctive, I suggest a one-word translation with the French rétablissement."
18. Devaux Michaël, "L'avancement de la métaphysique réelle selon G. W. Leibniz. Nomenclature et réalité de la métaphysique leibnizienne après l'iter italicum", 2004.
    Thèse Université de Paris IV - Sorbonne, soutenance le 16 décembre 2004, 606 p., (Directeur de thèse : Michel Fichant. Président du jury : Pierre-François Moreau. Autres membres du jury : Frédéric de Buzon et Vincent Carraud.) Mention très honorable avec les félicitation du jury à l'unanimité.
    Le IV Chapitre, L'Ontologie, sera prochainement publié sous le titre Leibniz et la question de l'ontologie aux Presses Universitaires de France, collection Epiméthée (communication personnelle de l'Auteur).
19. Di Bella Stefano, "Completeness and essentialism: two Seventeenth-century debates," Topoi.An International Review of Philosophy 19: 123-136 (2000).
20. Di Bella Stefano. The science of the individual: Leibniz's ontology of individual substance. Dordrecht: Springer 2005.
21. Di Bella Stefano, "L'astratto e il concreto. Hobbes, Leibniz e la riforma dell'ontologia," Rivista di Storia della Filosofia 53: 313-350 (2008).
22. Di Vona Piero. Studi sulla scolastica della Controriforma. L'esistenza e la sua distinzione metafisica dell'essenza. Firenze: La Nuova Italia 1968.
23. Dibon Paul. La philosophie néerlandaise au siècle d'or. Tome I: L'enseignement de la philosophie dans les Universités à l'époque précartésienne (1575-1650). Amsterdam: Elsevier 1954.
24. Doyle John Patrick, "Between Transcendental and Transcendental: the missing link?," Review of Metaphysics 50: 783-815 (1997).
    "Medieval transcendentals are on the side of things while Kantian transcendentality is on the side of the knower. Is there a link between the two in the Seventeenth-Century scholastic understanding of 'supertranscendentals'? In the century before Kant, scholastic supertranscendental being was primarily identified with extrinsic intelligibility and regarded as a contribution of the knower. It was said to be the same as 'the object as such' (objectum ut tale). This seems very close to 'der Gegenstand uberhaupt' which Kant has called a 'missing concept' above the dichotomy of the possible and the impossible."
25. Eschweiler Karl. Die Philosophie der spanischen Spätscholastik auf den deutschen Universitäten des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts. In Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Kulturgeschichte Spaniens. Vol. I, 1. Edited by Finke Heinrich. Münster: Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung 1928. pp. 251-325
26. École Jean, "Contribution à l'histoire des propriétés transcendentales de l'être," Filosofia Oggi 19: 367-394 (1996).
    Réimprimé dans: Autour de la philosophie Wolffienne pp. 131-158.
27. École Jean. Une étape de l'histoire de la métaphysique: l'apparition de l'Ontologie comme discipline séparée. In Autour de la philosophie Wolffienne. Textes de Hans Werner Arndt, Sonia Carboncini-Gavanelli et Jean École. Edited by École Jean. Hildesheim: Georg Olms 2001. pp. 95-116
28. Freedman Joseph S. Deutsche Schulphilosophie im Reformationszeitalter (1500-1650): ein Handbuch für den Hochschulunterricht. Münster: MAKS 1984.
    Second revised and expanded edition 1985
29. Freedman Joseph S. Philosophy and the Arts in Central Europe, 1500-1700. Teaching and Texts at Schools and Universities. Aldershot: Ashgate 1999.
    Variorum Collected Studies Series.
    Reprint of eight previously published studies with the addition of a new introduction (pp. 1-40).
30. Garcia Quadrado José, "La renovación de la metafísica en el siglo de Oro: Suárez y Báñez (En el cuarto centenario de las Disputaciones metafísicas de Francisco Suárez)," Anuario Filosofico 13: 59-78 (1999).
31. Giacon Carlo. La seconda scolastica. Milano: F.lli Bocca 1944.
    Vol. I: I grandi commentatori di San Tommaso: il Gaetano, il Ferrarese, il Vitoria (1944); Vol. II: Precedenze teoretiche ai problemi giuridici. Toledo, Pereira, Fonseca, Molina, Suarez (1946); Vol. III: I problemi giuridico-politici: Suarez, Bellarmino, Mariana (1950).
32. Gilson Étienne. L'être et l'essence. Paris: Vrin 1948.
    Deuxième édition revue et augmentée 1962
33. Gilson Étienne. Being and some philosophers. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies 1952.
34. Gurr John Edwin. The Principle of Sufficient Reason in some Scholastic systems. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press 1959.
35. Honnefelder Ludger. Scientia transcendens. Die formale Bestimmung der Seiendheit und Realität in der Metaphysik der Mittelalters und der Neuzeit (Duns Scotus, Suárez, Wolff, Kant, Peirce). Hamburg: Felix Meiner 1990.
36. Honnefelder Ludger. La métaphysique comme science transcendentale. Paris : Press Universitaires de France 2002.
37. Honnefelder Ludger. Metaphysics as a discipline: from the "Transcendental philosophy of the ancients" to Kant's notion of transcendental philosophy. In The medieval heritage in early modern metaphysics and modal theory, 1400-1700. Edited by Friedman Russell and Nielsen Lauge. Dordrecht: Kluwer 2003. pp. 53-74
    Contents: 1. The point of departure of Kant's concept of metaphysics as "transcendental philosophy": metaphysics as scientia transcendens in the doctrine of John Duns Scotus; 2. The mediation of the Scotistic concept of metaphysics as scientia transcendens by Francisco Suárez' Disputationes metaphysicae; Kant's concept of "transcendental philosophy" ; 4. Kant's transformation of fundamental concept of the Scotistic scientia transcendens.
    
    "In the following, we will investigate metaphysics' status as a scientific discipline, through an examination of the medieval sources of the approach that most profoundly transformed modem metaphysics, i.e. Kantian transcendental philosophy. Starting with Kant's direct sources we will trace the discussion back to the ideas of John Duns Scotus (§ 1) and of Francisco Suárez (§ 2), in order to demonstrate with regard to its most important features just how Kant received (§ 3) and transformed (§ 4) these ideas."
38. Knebel Sven. The early modern rollback of merely extrinsic denomination. In Meeting of the minds. The relations between medieval and classical modern European philosophy. Edited by Brown Stephen F. Turnhout: Brepols 1998. pp. 317-331
    Acts of the International Colloquium held at Boston College Jund 14 - 16, 1996.
39. Lamanna Marco, "Sulla prima occorrenza del termine "Ontologia". Una nota bibliografica," Quaestio.Yearbook of the History of the Metaphysics 6: 557-570 (2006).
40. Leinsle Ulrich Gottfried. Das Ding und die Methode. Methodische Konstitution und Gegenstand der frühen protestantischen Metaphysik. Augsburg: MaroVerlag 1985.
    I. Teil: Darstellung; II: Teil: Anmerkungen und Register.
41. Leinsle Ulrich Gottfried. Methodologie und Metaphysik bei den deutschen Lutheranern um 1600. In Aristotelismus und Renaissance. In memoriam Charles B. Schmitt. Edited by Kessler Eckhard, Lohr Charles H., and Sparn Walter. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz 1988. pp. 149-162
42. Lewalter Ernst. Spanisch-Jesuitische und Deutsch-Lutherische Metaphysik des 17. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der iberisch-deutschen Kulturbeziehungen und zur Vorgeschichte des deutschen Idealismus. Hamburg: Ibero-Amerikanisches 1935.
    Reprint: Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1967
43. Llamzon Benjamin, "The specification of 'Esse': a study in Bañez," Modern Schoolman 41: 123-144 (1964).
44. Lohr Charles H. Jesuit Aristotelianism and Sixteenth-century metaphysics. In Paradosis. Studies in the Memory of Edwin A. Quain, S.J. New York: Fordham University Press 1976. pp. 203-220
45. Lohr Charles H. Metaphysics. In The Cambridge history of Renaissance philosophy. Edited by Schmitt Charles B., Skinner Quentin, and Kessler Eckhard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1988. pp. 537-638
46. Lohr Charles H. Metaphysics and natural philosophy as sciences: the Catholic and the Protestant views in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In Philosophy in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries : conversations with Aristotle. Edited by Blackwell Constance. Aldershot: Ashgate 1999. pp. 280-295
47. Marion Jean-Luc. Sur l'ontologie grise de Descartes. Science cartésienne et savoir aristotelicien dans les Regulae. Paris: Vrin 1975.
48. Marion Jean-Luc, "L'ambivalence de la métaphysique cartesienne," Les Études Philosophiques: 443-460 (1976).
49. Marion Jean-Luc, "Descartes et l'onto-théologie," Bulletin de la Société Française de Philosophie 76: 117-171 (1982).
    Translated in English as: Descartes and onto-theology in: Post-secular philosophy: between philosophy and theology, edited by Phillip Blond, New York, Routledge, 1998 pp. 67-106.
50. Marion Jean-Luc. Sur le prisme métaphysique de Descartes. Constitution et limites de l'onto-théo-logie dans la pensée cartésienne. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 1986.
    English translation by Jeffrey L. Kosky: On Descartes' metaphysical prism: The constitution and the limits of Onto-theo-logy in Cartesian thought - Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1999.
51. Marion Jean-Luc. Sur la théologie blanche de Descartes. Analogie, création des vérités éternelles et fondement. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 1988.
    Deuxième édition revue 1991.
52. Mesnard Pierre, "Comment Leibniz se trouva placé dans le sillage de Suaréz," Archives de Philosophie: 7-32 (1948).
53. Meyer Michel. Pour une histoire de l'ontologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 1999.
    Première edition avec le titre: Pour une critique de l'ontologie - Bruxelles, Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 1991.
54. Mora José Ferrater, "On the early history of 'Ontology'," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 24: 36-47 (1963).
55. Narbonne Jean-Marc, "Note critique: Metaphysique et possibilité: A propos de "Suarez et le systeme de la metaphysique" de Jean-Francois Courtine," Laval Théologique et Philosophique 48: 109-123 (1992).
56. Nelson Alan, "Descartes's ontology of thought," Topoi.An International Review of Philosophy 16: 163-178 (1997).
57. Orrego Sanchez Santiago. La actualidad del ser en la 'primera escuela' de Salamanca, con lecciones inéditas de Vitoria, Soto y Cano. Pamplona: EUNSA 2004.
58. Petersen Peter. Geschichte der aristotelischen Philosophie im protestantischen Deutschland. Leipzig: Felix Meiner 1921.
    Reprint: Stuttgart, Friedrich Frommann (Günther Holzboog), 1964.
59. Pozzo Riccardo. Logic and Metaphysics in German Philosophy from Melanchton to Hegel. In Approaches to Metaphysics. Edited by Sweet William. Dordrecht: Kluwer 2004. pp. 57-66
    "The aim of this paper is to focus on the distinction between logic and metaphysics in German philosophy from Philipp Melanchthon to G.W.F. Hegel. Its scope is a temporal route that goes from the Renaissance to the 19th century, and which exhibits a movement from one extreme to another. Thus, Melanchthon -- owing to his nominalistic background -- was in fact repelled by metaphysical forms and chose not to include metaphysics among the philosophical sciences. For him, metaphysics was to be identified with logic. On the other hand, Hegel was repelled by logical formalism and did not include logic among the philosophical sciences. For Hegel, logic was to be identified with metaphysics. While Melanchthon and Hegel are the subjects, respectively, of the first and last parts of this paper, the second, the third, and the fourth parts are dedicated to the understanding of the relationship between logic and metaphysics in the work of Scheibler, Leibniz and Kant." p. 57
60. Prouvost Gery, "La naissance de l'ontologie," Revue Thomiste 93: 478-484 (1993).
    "Le point de départ de cette réflexion est le livre de Jean-François Courtine, Suarez et le système de la métaphysique. Ce type de travaux manifeste un questionnement au sujet de la métaphysique, il s'agit d'en saisir le statut, l'objet et la nature en instaurant un dialogue avec la pensée de type historico-philosophique de Gilson. Ce dialogue est le signe d'un retour à la métaphysique où se prolonge la circularité entre philosophie et histoire."
61. Schmutz Jacob, "Bulletin de scolastique moderne (I)," Revue Thomiste 100: 270-341 (2000).
    "Ce bulletin entend offrir un premier état des lieux de la recherche internationale dans le domaine de la théologie et de la philosophie scolastiques des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Un liminaire général présente brièvement les approches historiographiques qui ont prévalu jusqu'aujourd'hui, propose ensuite une tentative de définition et enfin relève quelques caractères significatifs de cette tradition de pensée. Suivent alors les discussions critiques d'une trentaine de titres publiés au cours des cinq dernières années."
    
    Voir en particuler la section C pp. 297-314:
    Métaphysique ou ontologie?
    1) Genèse et structure des métaphysiques modernes
    2) Logique et ontologie chez Pedro da Fonseca
    3) Suárez Gallicus
    4) Théorie des distinctions et ontologie
    5) Une métaphysique de la volonté: Antonio Pérez
62. Solana Marcial. Los grandes escolásticos españoles de los siglos XVI y XVII : suas doctrinas filosóficas y su significación en la Historia de la Filosofia. Madrid: Jaime Ratès 1928.
63. Solana Marcial. Historia de la filosofia Española. Epoca del Renacimiento. Tomo terciero. Madrid: Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 1940.
64. Sparn Walter. Wiederkehr der Metaphysik. Die ontologische Frage in der lutherischen Theologie des 17. Jahrhunderts. Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag 1976.
65. Tommasi Francesco Valerio. Philosophia transcendentalis. La questione antepredicativa e l'analogia tra la Scolastica e Kant. Firenze: Olschki 2008.
    "Giorgio Tonelli and Norbert Hinske showed that sources of the German Aristotelianism are necessary to clear the Kantian use of the term «transcendental», but thy could not find a direct source. Thanks to new evidences, the Author proposes Franz Albert Aepinus as this often searched "missing link". On this basis, the Kantian transcendental philosophy is interpreted as an answer to the structural problem of the Scholastic transcendental philosophy: the necessity and impossibility of a prepredicative plane."
66. Tonelli Giorgio. A short-title list of subject dictionaries of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki 2006.
    Extended edition revised and annotated by Eugenio Vanone and Margherita Palumbo.
    First edition: A short-title list of subject dictionaries of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries as aids to the history of ideas - London, Warburg Institute Survey, 1971.
67. Von Wille Dagmar. Lessico filosofico della Frühauflklärung. Christian Thomasius - Christian Wolff - Johann Georg walch. Roma: Edizioni dell'Ateneo 1991.
68. Walton Craig, "Malebranche's ontology," Journal of the History of Philosophy 7: 143-162 (1969).
69. Wells Norman J., "Descartes and the Scholastics briefly revisited," New Scholasticism 35: 172-190 (1961).
70. Wells Norman J., "Descartes and the modal distinction," Modern Schoolman 43: 1-22 (1965).
71. Wells Norman J., "Objective being: Descartes and his sources," Modern Schoolman 45: 49-61 (1967).
72. Wollgast Siegfried. Philosophie in Deutschland zwischen Reformation und Aufklärung. Berlin: Akademie Verlag 1988.
73. Wundt Max. Die deutsche Schulmetaphysik des 17. Jahrhunderts. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) 1939.
74. Wundt Max. Die deutsche Schulphilosophie im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Tübingen: Mohr 1945.
    Reprint: Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1964.